@article {11869, title = {Fenestration of Today and Tomorrow: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Opportunities}, journal = {Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells}, volume = {96}, number = {2012}, year = {2012}, month = {01/2012}, pages = {1-28}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Fenestration of today is continuously being developed into the fenestration of tomorrow, hence offering a steadily increase of daylight and solar energy utilization and control, and at the same time providing a necessary climate screen with a satisfactory thermal comfort. Within this work a state of the art market review of the best performing fenestration products has been carried out, along with an overview of possible future research opportunities for the fenestration industry. The focus of the market review was low thermal transmittance (U-value). The lowest centre of glass Ug-values found was 0.28 W/(m2K) and 0.30 W/(m2K), which was from a suspended coating glazing product and an aerogel glazing product, respectively. However, the majority of high performance products found were triple glazed. The lowest frame U-value was 0.61 W/(m2K). Vacuum glazing, smart windows, solar cell glazing, window frames, self cleaning glazing, low-emissivity coatings and spacers were also reviewed, thus also representing possibilities for controlling and harvesting the solar radiation energy. Currently, vacuum glazing, new spacer materials and solutions, electrochromic windows and aerogel glazing seem to have the largest potential for improving the thermal performance and daylight and solar properties in fenestration products. Aerogel glazing has the lowest potential U-values, ~ 0.1 W/(m2K), but requires further work to improve the visible transmittance. Electrochromic vaccum glazing and evacuated aerogel glazing are two vacuum related solutions which have a large potential. There may also be opportunities for completely new material innovations which could revolutionize the fenestration industry.

}, keywords = {Fenestration, Low-e, Multilayer glazing, Smart window, Solar cell glazing, Vacuum glazing}, doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.010}, author = {Bj{\o}rn Petter Jelle and Andrew Hynd and Arlid Gustavsen and Dariush K. Arasteh and Howdy Goudey and Robert Hart} } @techreport {1428, title = {A First-Generation Prototype Dynamic Residential Window}, year = {2004}, month = {10/2004}, pages = {11}, abstract = {

We present the concept for a "smart" highly efficient dynamic window that maximizes solar heat gain during the heating season and minimizes solar heat gain during the cooling season in residential buildings. We describe a prototype dynamic window that relies on an internal shade, which deploys automatically in response to solar radiation and temperature. This prototype was built at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from commercially available "off-the-shelf" components. It is a stand-alone, standard-size product, so it can be easily installed in place of standard window products. Our design shows promise for near-term commercialization. Improving thermal performance of this prototype by incorporating commercially available highly efficient glazing technologies could result in the first window that could be suitable for use in zero-energy homes. The units predictable deployment of shading could help capture energy savings that are not possible with manual shading. Installation of dynamically shaded windows in the field will allow researchers to better quantify the energy effects of shades, which could lead to increased efficiency in the sizing of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment for residences.

}, author = {Christian Kohler and Howdy Goudey and Dariush K. Arasteh} } @conference {11893, title = {Future Advanced Windows for Zero-Energy Homes}, booktitle = {ASHRAE Transactions}, volume = {109, pt 2}, year = {2002}, month = {06/2003}, pages = {871-888}, address = {Kansas City, MO}, abstract = {

Over the past 15 years, low-emissivity and other technological improvements have significantly improved the energy efficiency of windows sold in the United States. However, as interest increases in the concept of zero-energy homes{\textemdash}buildings that do not consume any nonrenewable or net energy from the utility grid{\textemdash}even today{\textquoteright}s highest-performance window products will not be sufficient. This simulation study compares today{\textquoteright}s typical residential windows, today{\textquoteright}s most efficient residential windows, and several options for advanced window technologies, including products with improved fixed or static properties and products with dynamic solar heat gain properties. Nine representative window products are examined in eight representative U.S. climates. Annual energy and peak demand impacts are investigated. We conclude that a new generation of window products is necessary for zero-energy homes if windows are not to be an energy drain on these homes. Windows with dynamic solar heat gain properties are found to offer significant potential in reducing energy use and peak demands in northern and central climates, while windows with very low (static) solar heat gain properties offer the most potential in southern climates.

}, author = {Joshua S. Apte and Dariush K. Arasteh and Yu Joe Huang} }