TY - JOUR T1 - Balancing daylight, glare, and energy-efficiency goals: An evaluation of exterior coplanar shading systems using complex fenestration modeling tools JF - Energy and Buildings Y1 - 2016/01// SP - 279 EP - 298 A1 - Sabine Hoffmann A1 - Eleanor S. Lee A1 - Andrew McNeil A1 - Luis L. Fernandes A1 - Dragan Vidanovic A1 - Anothai Thanachareonkit KW - Complex fenestration systems KW - Discomfort Glare KW - Energy Plus KW - Energy Use Intensity KW - Exterior shades KW - Glare Control KW - radiance AB - Exterior shades are the most effective way to control solar load in buildings. Twelve different coplanar shades with different geometry, material properties and cut-off angles were investigated for two California climates: the moderate San Francisco Bay Area climate and a hot and dry Southern California climate. The presented results distinguish themselves from other simulation studies by a newly developed method that combines three research-grade software programs (Radiance, EnergyPlus and Window 7) to calculate heat transfer, daylight, and glare resulting from optically-complex fenestration systems more accurately. Simulations were run for a case with constant electric lighting and a case with daylighting controls for a prototypical, internal load dominated office building.In the case of daylighting controls, the choice of slat angle and solar cut-off angle of a fixed exterior slat shading system is non trivial. An optimum slat angle was identified for the considered cases. Material properties (e.g., solar and visible reflectance) did not affect energy use if constant electric lighting was assumed, but they did have a significant influence on energy use intensity (EUI) when daylighting controls were assumed. Energy use increased substantially when an additional interior shade was used for glare control. VL - 112 U2 - LBNL-1005092 DO - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.12.009 ER -