Optical Indices of Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide

TitleOptical Indices of Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication1996
AuthorsKlaus von Rottkay, Michael D Rubin, Shi-Jie Wen
JournalThin Solid Films
Volume306
10
Issue1
Pagination10-16
Date Published08/1997
KeywordsColored state, Complex refractive index, electrochromic, tungsten oxide
Abstract

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is the most widely used material for the active layer of electrochromic devices. Knowledge of the complex refractive index over the range of coloration states is required for device design. Optical constants of WO3 over the whole solar spectrum were determined as a function of injected charge. Films of WO3 were prepared by electron-beam evaporation, then colored in several steps by reduction with lithium (Li) up to 68 mC cm-2 µm-1 injected charge. Measurements included variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectroscopic transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence. Analysis was complicated by the fact that a transparent-conducting layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) was required to perform lithiation. Optical indices of the glass substrate and ITO transparent conductor were determined separately and then fixed in the model. The indices of WO3 could then be extracted from measurements on the complete structure. A parametric dispersion model corresponding to Gaussian broadening of the oscillators was used to represent the dielectric response of WO3.

DOI10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00254-X
LBNL Report Number

LBNL-39687